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God did.
“And the LORD said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh,
which I have put in thine hand: but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go.” Exodus 4:21
“And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.” Ex.7:3
“And he hardened Pharaoh's heart, that he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said.” Ex.7:13
“And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had spoken unto Moses.”
Ex.9:12
“And the LORD said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh: for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that
I might shew these my signs before him:” Ex.10:1
“But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go.” Ex.10:20
“But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go.” Ex.10:27
“And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not
let the children of Israel go out of his land.” Ex.11:10
“And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, that he shall follow after them; and I will be honoured upon Pharaoh, and upon all
his host; that the Egyptians may know that I am the LORD.” Ex.14:4
“And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel” Ex.14:8
“I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians, and they shall follow them: and I will get me honour.” Ex.14:17
The Pharaoh did.
“Wherefore then do ye harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts?” 1 Samuel 6:6
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Explanation:
The Pharaoh was an extremely wicked man, who oppressed the Israelites severely before God called on Moses and Aaron to confront
him. By this indication, it is fair to say that Pharaoh already had a very hard heart. Because he chose to live his life
this way, God would harden Pharaoh’s heart even further. God predicted this action in His first instructions to Moses.
(Exodus 4:21)
Nevertheless, it is apparent by the Scriptures that Pharaoh hardened his own heart first, before God intervened, in Exodus
7:22 and 8:15. It is difficult to ascertain who is the “he” in 7:13, but judging by the context, it would appear
to be Pharaoh hardening his heart.
Therefore, one could arguably say that Pharaoh hardened his heart to the miracles in the beginning, and because he continued
to do so, God at one point(starting at Exodus 9:12) did it for him-- from then on. Conclusively, both God and Pharaoh hardened
Pharaoh’s heart.
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